Some important aspects for the analysis of political speeches. It is shown that how the polarized representations in the two newspapers construct specific interpretations of the transitivity and lexical cohesion. Lexical cohesion analysis of political speech request pdf. The advantage of their work is that it covers documents written. Lexical cohesion is a semantic relation manifested in the lexical level of language. The notion of equivalence and lexical cohesion in the. Abstract through political speeches, different types of cohesive devices are used. Applications of lexical cohesion analysis in the topic. A literary linguistic analysis of the features used in political speeches can illuminate the effects of such strategies and techniques to anyone, in addition to providing a more general understanding of how speeches are organised. This study examines the discourse created in three of trumps political speeches.
Discourse analysis of the political speeches of the ousted. Others prefer to use repetition instead of reiteration, being this one the. The subject is at once too vast, and too lacking in focus and consensus. The method of analysis was to locate words, sentences or paragraphs where it appeared as if. In the images that follow the size of the words indicates their frequency in each of the 2 speeches. Lexical analysis of obamas and mccains speeches jacques savoy computer science dept. Lexical cohesion analysis of political speech political. We suggest that lexical cohesion analysis is a promising technique to bridge the gap between quantitative and qualitative analyses of text as political material, by establishing units that are both robust enough to enable comprehensive coverage and coherent enough to support direct interpretation.
Outstanding rhetorical devices and textuality in obama s. This article presents a novel automatic method of text analysis aimed at discovering patterns of lexical cohesion in political speech. Discourse structure text coherence and cohesion reference resolution. The interplay of repetition, lexical cohesion, and topicality thus facilitates a multiperspective approach to determining relatedness among sentences or other discourse fragments. Latest trends in political discursive analysis have shown the importance of the study done from the textual. Lexical cohesion is a commonly studied linguistic feature as it is easily identified from the surface of a text. Abstract this dissertation investigates the notion of equivalence with particular reference to lexical cohesion in the translation of political speeches. Evaluating lexical cohesion in telephone conversations. You need to have some political sociobackground knowledge, eg about political events or ideas like the american dream in order to be able to analyse the speech properly. The lexical cohesion that used in speech consists of reiteration and collocation. Leftovers from last time input type c seg for abc asr 0.
A literary linguistic analysis of the features used in political speeches can illuminate the effects of such strategies and techniques to anyone, in addition to providing a more general understanding of. Lexical cohesion lexical cohesion comes about through. A lexical chain is a sequence of semantically related words from the text algorithm sketch. A lexical analysis of an inaugural speech of the speaker.
The relationship between lexical cohesion analysis and lexical chaining is tackled in section 2, while the exact details of our gisting system, the lexgister, and our novel ap. Do note that in the third edition of introduction to functional grammar, halliday and mattthiessen divide up cohesion into. A political speech is not necessarily a success because of. Translation and discourse choose one or more cohesive. Analysis of political speech essay example graduateway.
This paper deals with the importance of functions of lexical cohesive devices and tries to shed light on the kinds of lexical cohesive devices used in the political speech through analyzing the. The unit of analysis are groups of words with related meanings. The unit of analysis are groups of words with related. A discourse analysis of a news article in a magazine. Hoey 1991 argues that lexical cohesion is the single most important form of cohesion, accounting for something like forty percent of cohesive ties in texts.
Discourse linguistics no one is in a position to write a comprehensive account of discourse analysis. In the course of discourse analysis, connor 1996 defines cohesion as the use of explicit linguistic devices to. Lexical cohesion analysis of political speech eyal. Lexical cohesion is basically created by the general nouns superordinates, for example public transport, or repetition reiteration of the same lexeme, or the use of other lexical relations as cohesive patterns. Their similarities are discussed, and the term musical cohesion is established. Lexical cohesion analysis of political speech by beata. Usually you only get part of the speech, ie an excerpt. Nov 15, 2012 lexical choice as we saw in previous workshop, lexical choice is an important indicator of speaker stance. Abstract the importance attached to political manifestos make political parties dedicate a lot of time and caution in writing up their manifestos so as to attract the electorate to vote for them. Ever wondered about the persuasive strategies and techniques employed in political speeches.
A political speech is not necessarily a success because of correctness or truth, rather it may be a matter of presenting valid arguments beard 2000. Introduction this paper examines how different kinds of lexical cohesion can contribute to the rhetorical structure of a. Coherence and cohesion in spoken and written discourse. To halliday, lexical cohesion comes about through the selection of lexical items that are related in some way to those that have gone before p. Synonymy synonymy refers to the fact of two or more words or expressions having the same meaning. Translation and discourse choose one or more cohesive devices. Reiteration was found 44 and collocation was found 25. Jun 27, 2010 lexical cohesion it is the cohesive effect achieved by the selection of vocabulary. The corpus for the analysis comprises 20000 words for each genre and the model. Cohesion and coherence in political newspapers and discussion sections of academic articles. Jun 11, 2019 the analysis of cohesion in this political speech is based on the cohesion model found in halliday and hasan 1976. Political speeches aim at convincing the listener by arguments, to persuade him or her on an emotional level or even manipulate him.
An analysis of grammatical and lexical cohesion in emma watsons speech text on gender equality a thesis submitted to faculty of adab and humanities in partial fulfillment of the requirements for. Lexical choice as we saw in previous workshop, lexical choice is an important indicator of speaker stance. Most of the lexical features such as repetition, synonymy, and hyponymy are widely used in the speeches of the ousted presidents to achieve different political ideologies and strategies such as the ideology of threatening the civilian protesters. To analyze how the grammatical and lexical cohesion devices used in the speech text to reveal gender equality. A lexical analysis of an inaugural speech of the speaker of benue state house of assembly in nigeria language of nigerian politics has been given attention in previous studies from various linguistic approaches such as pragmatics, pragmastylistics, stylistic, syntax and discourse strategies. The visual mode which uses facial expression or gesture describes as nonverbal language. Lexical cohesion is the cohesive effect achieved by the selection of vocabulary halliday and hasan, 1976. Cohesion, coherence and discourse 1 cohesion, coherence and discourse 2 she hid bob then cooked it, whose sister rose prices, which liked very much itself, however sheila wanted. The use of sight the visual mode is also familiar in daily communication.
Chapter iv presents the framework of my investigation and an example of discourse analysis. For that, grammatical cohesion is used as one way to have a cohesive discourse. Lexical cohesion lexical cohesion comes about through the. Cohesion and coherence in political newspapers and. Lexical cohesion in linguistic and musical discourse. This paper deals with the importance of functions of lexical cohesive devices and tries to shed light on the kinds of lexical cohesive devices used in the political speech through analyzing the speech. Lexical cohesion poses a particular challenge to the translators of political speeches and thus preserving lexical cohesion elements as one of the major elements of cohesion is undoubtedly crucial to their translation equivalence. A lexical analysis of an inaugural speech of the speaker of. We illustrate the advantages of such a representation by juxtaposing results of a detailed. His speech was probably aimed at making a historical discourse into the times when the u. Barack obama has become the first politician in the contemporary american history to speak about race and racism. The research concluded that lexical cohesion analysis was a potential technique to bridge the gap between quantitative and qualitative textual analysis toward political contents by determining.
A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy in computer science. Robert mcclay dissertation university of birmingham. Indeed, grammatical cohesion whether it is seen as a process or a product or both is an attempt to give a general view of discourse analysis and its relation to cohesion in general and grammatical cohesion in particular. In this case, lexical cohesion results from the choice of a lexical item that is in.
Broadcast news gisting using lexical cohesion analysis. In our analysis of political corpora and lexical analysis, we pay tribute to the work done by labbe. Ever since the publication of halliday and hasan 1976, cohesion analysis has received much attention in several branches of linguistics. Cohesion in political discourse 2 although, this work focuses on the concept of cohesion, it still agrees in part with louwerse and graesser 2005s observation in support of earlier studies stubbs, 1983 and may, 2001 that cohesion alone cannot fully account for coherence in a discourse. Cohesion and coherence in political newspapers and discussion.
Yet, due to the nascence and of his political career, no studies in the field of linguistics that draw on critical discourse analysis could be found regarding trumps use of language. However, the purposes for studying lexical cohesion are varied, and each purpose requires different methods. From the perspective of grammatical cohesion, conjunctions, reference, ellipsis and substitution are the four mainly used categories. The analysis of cohesion in this political speech is based on the cohesion model found in halliday and hasan 1976. From the result, it can be concluded that in soekarnos speech uses grammatical cohesion typed reference.
Lexical continuity is measured as average distance between sentences in a paragraph lexical cohesion and coherence 1534 term similarity latent semantic analysis deerwester90. He continues that various lexical relationships between the different sentences making up a text provide a measure of the cohesiveness of the text. Understood in this way, lexical cohesion can provide important insights into the processes of ideological construction within a text. Applications of lexical cohesion analysis in the topic detection and tracking domain nicola stokes b.
Discourse analysis, political speeches, arab spring revolution. An analysis of lexical and grammatical cohesion on advertisements of the jakarta post newspaper. More specifically, lexical cohesion can be achieved through one of these means below. An analysis of the use of lexical cohesive devices.
This essay will look at how two american presidential candidates try to accomplish persuading an audience to support their political opinions. Lexical cohesion, thus, is not merely a stable cohesive device that connects information structure within a text. Lexical cohesion it is the cohesive effect achieved by the selection of vocabulary. Lexical cohesion in english public speeches taking the queens christmas broadcast as example yifan he northwestern polytechnical university, changan campus, xian, shaanxi province, china email. In terms of lexical one, collocations and repetition appear most frequently. Lexical analysis of us political speeches jacques savoy computer science department, university of neuchatel, switzerland abstract this article describes a us political corpus comprising 245 speeches given by senators john mccain and barack obama during the years 20072008. Based on research questions above, here are the objectives of the research. A short sample of discourse is analysed and compared with a sample music analysis, regarding lexical cohesion. Lexical chains building lexical chains is one way to find the lexical cohesion structure of a text, both reiteration and collocation. To determine the grammatical and lexical cohesion used dominantly in the speech text to reveal the gender equality. In the five main types of cohesion,the interpretation of a discourse element,is. The electric appliances, including the kangaroo and the astronaut, notwithstanding, snowboarded up the slope sadly, swam in the road glady, flew under the sea.
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